pbarbosa
Faculty Bio
Dr. Peter Barbosa was born and raised in Añasco, Puerto Rico. He is an accomplished educator, scientist, filmmaker, and social activist. Dr. Barbosa earned his B.S. in biochemistry from Texas A&M University and holds a Ph.D. in biochemistry from Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. His first postdoctoral fellowship was completed in HIV research at the Institut Pasteur in Paris. Following his relocation to San Francisco, he worked as a scientist and immunology professor, specializing in HIV and AIDS. While working as a scientist and immunology professor at the Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, the University of California Medical School (UCSF), and the California College of Podiatric Medicine, his research has been published widely. He currently serves as a Professor of Biochemistry and Immunology at the California School of Podiatric Medicine (CSPM) of Samuel Merritt University (SMU) in Oakland, California. He is also the Director of Research for CSPM and the doctoral programs at SMU.
Dr. Barbosa also studied cinematography at City College of San Francisco and San Francisco State University. He serves as the Executive Director of EyeBite Productions; he produced and directed two multiple award-winning documentaries, De Colores and I Exist, exploring homophobia in the Latino and Middle Eastern cultures, respectively. Dr. Barbosa was also involved as facilitator for the Agapé Reconciliation Conversation Program, in which Christian communities of faith and/or communities of color engage in conversations aiming to end discrimination against LGBT folk. He is passionate about justice issues and he is an active member of the United Church of Christ, where he serves in a wide variety of committees primarily focusing on racial, economic and LGBT justice causes. Family, friends, community and spirituality are of his core values.
As a scientist, his primary interests involve podiatric complications of HIV infection, focusing on plantar warts. He is passionate about involving students in research endeavors and his research teams are well published. Teaching in a manner that intellectually stimulates his students is his passion as a professor. He is personable, approachable and always available for his student’s needs.
Program
Doctor of Podiatric Medicine (DPM)
Courses Taught at Samuel Merritt University
Biochemistry I and II
Research Methods
Immunology
Research Methods
Immunology
Research Interests
HIV, HPV, mindfulness
Publications and Presentations
JOURNAL PUBLICATIONS
HPV-69 Identified in a Clinically-Aggressive Plantar Verruca from a HIV-Positive Patient. Jeffrey M. Whitaker,
Joel M. Palefsky, Maria Da Costa, Christy King, James Johnston, and Peter Barbosa. Manuscript accepted for publication at the Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association (publication date expected for fall 2008).
The Agapé Christian Reconciliation Conversations: An intervention exploring the intersections of culture, religiousness and homosexual identity in the Latino and European American communities. Peter Barbosa, Hector Torres, Marc Anthony Silva, and Noshaba Khan. Manuscript submitted for publication consideration.
Plantar verrucae in patients with HIV: Clinical presentation and treatment response. Jeffrey M. Whitaker, Geoffrey L.Gaggero, Lacey Loveland, Lolita Segura and Peter Barbosa. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 91(2): pp. 79-84, February 2001.
Recognition of two overlapping CTL epitopes in HIV-1 p17 by CTL from long-term non-progressing HIV-1-infected individual. Thomas Harrer, Ellen Harrer, Peter Barbosa, Friedemann Kaufmann, Ralf Wagner, Susanne Bruggemann, Joachim R. Kalden, Mark Feinberg, R. Paul Johnson, Susan Buchbinder and Bruce D. Walker. The Journal of Immunology, 161, pp. 4874-4881, 1998.
Characterization of plantar verrucae among individuals with human immunodeficiency virus. Randi Meberg, Erik Kenyon, Ryan Bierman, Lacey Loveland and Peter Barbosa. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 88 (9): pp. 442-445, September 1998.
Epidemiology of plantar verrucae in HIV-infected individuals- Letter to the Editor. Erik Kenyon, Lacey Loveland, Richmond Kilpatrick and Peter Barbosa. Journal of AIDS and Human Retrovirology, 16 (1), January 1998.
The nef gene products of both simian and human immunodeficiency viruses enhance virus infectivity and are functionally interchangeable. Elizabeth Sinclair, Peter Barbosa and Mark B. Feinberg. Journal of Virology, 71(5): pp. 3641-3651, May 1997.
Chronic and aggressive plantar verrucae in a patient with HIV. Sima K. Soltani, Erik Kenyon and Peter Barbosa. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association; 86: pp. 555-558, November 1996.
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes in asymptomatic long-term nonprogressing HIV-1 infection. Thomas Harrer, Ellen Harrer, Spyros A. Kalams, Peter Barbosa, Alicja Trocha, R. Paul Johnson, Tarek Elbeik, Mark B. Feinberg, Susan P. Buchbinder, and Bruce D. Walker. The Journal of Immunology; 156, pp. 2616-2623, 1996.
Recognition of the highly conserved YMDD region in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase by HLA-A2-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes from an asymptomatic long-term nonprogressor. Ellen Harrer, Thomas Harrer, Peter Barbosa, Mark B. Feinberg, R. Paul Johnson, Susan Buchbinder and Bruce D. Walker. The Journal of Infectious Diseases; 173, pp. 476-479, February 1996.
Activation of virus replication after vaccination of HIV-1 infected individuals. Silvija I. Staprans, Brian L. Hamilton, Stephen E. Follansbee, Tarek Elbeik, Peter Barbosa, Robert M. Grant and Mark B. Feinberg. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 182 (6): pp. 1727-1737, December 1995.
Exploring the role of histidines in the catalytic activity of duck delta-crystallins using site-directed mutagenesis. Gerald Patejunas, Peter Barbosa, Michelle Lacombe and William E. O’Brien. Experimental Eye Research, 61 (2): pp. 151-154, August 1995.
Kinetic analysis of HIV-1 early replicative steps in a coculture system. Peter Barbosa, Pierre Charneau, Nicolas Dumey and François Clavel. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 10 (1): pp. 53-59, January 1994.
Expression of duck lens ?-crystallins cDNAs in yeast and bacterial host: ?2-crystallin is an active argininosuccinate lyase. Peter Barbosa, Graeme J. Wistow, Mary Cialkowski, Joram Piatigorsky, and William E. O'Brien. The Journal of Biological Chemistry; 266 (33): pp. 22319-22322, November 1991.
Analysis of naturally occurring and site-directed mutations in the argininosuccinate lyase gene. Peter Barbosa, Mary Cialkowski, and William E. O'Brien. The Journal of Biological Chemistry; 266 (8): pp. 5286-5290, March 1991.
Characterization of the human argininosuccinate lyase gene and analysis of exon skipping. Richard Abramson, Peter Barbosa, Karen Kalumuck, and William E. O'Brien. Genomics; 10 (1): pp. 126-132, May 1991.
ABSTRACTS
HIV and plantar verrucae: the discovery of a rare human papillomavirus (HPV) type. Jeffrey M. Whitaker and Peter Barbosa. American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons National Meeting, Miami, Florida (February 8-12, 2000).
HIV tat protein upregulates HPV 16 URR-driven expression. Peter Barbosa, Erik Kenyon, Lacey Loveland, Ryan Bierman, Laurel A. Lagenaur and Joel M. Palefsky. Institute of Human Virology, 2nd annual meeting, Baltimore, Maryland (September 15-21, 1997).
Epidemiology and pathogenesis of plantar warts in HIV-infected patients. Peter Barbosa, Lacey Loveland, Richmond Kilpatrick and Erik Kenyon. XI International Conference on AIDS, Vancouver, Canada (July 7-12, 1996).
Measurement of HIV plasma viremia using the branched DNA (bDNA) assay in HIV seropositive subjects vaccinated with the influenza virus vaccine. Stephen Follansbee, Tarek Elbeik, Peter Barbosa, Brian Hamilton, Silvija Staprans and Mark B. Feinberg. Biotech '94- AIDS from Basic Science to Diagnosis and Therapy, Florence (April 11-13, 1994) and PCR Amplification Technologies Conference, San Francisco, CA (April 21-22, 1994).
Chimeric SIVs carrying the U3 region and nef gene of HIV: Tools for the in vivo analysis of HIV LTR and nef function. Peter Barbosa and Mark B. Feinberg. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, Supplement 18B, 1994. Keystone Symposia conference on Prevention and Treatment of AIDS, Hilton Head, South Carolina (January 23-30, 1994).
The role of NFkB/Rel transcription factors in the activation of HIV-1 replication. Peter Barbosa and Mark B. Feinberg. IXth International Conference on AIDS, Berlin (June 7-11, 1993).
Processing of HIV unintegrated DNA in infected cells. Peter Barbosa and François Clavel. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory- RNA Tumor Virus Meetings, New York (May 19-24, 1992), and the VII International Conference on AIDS, Amsterdam (July 19-24, 1992).
Heterogeneity of the mutations causing human argininosuccinic aciduria. Peter Barbosa and William E. O'Brien. ASBMB meeting, Atlanta, Georgia; The FASEB Journal, March 1991.
Drosophila pyruvate kinase: Developmental regulation, purification and "cloning". Research done under the supervision of Dr. Glen Collier, Biochemistry Department at Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois. This research was sponsored by a NSF program for summer students- Undergraduate Research Participating Program Summer 1986.
An ecological comparative study of the ghost crab Ocypode albicans. Research done under the supervision of Dr. Victor Capriles, Biology Department at the Interamerican University of Puerto Rico, San German, Puerto Rico. This research was sponsored by a NSF program for High School students and was selected as part of the representation of Puerto Rico in the 33rd International Science and Engineering Fair in Houston, Texas, 1982.
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
Molecular Biology of HIV. Peter Barbosa and Zachary Kneass. Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery, 15(2), pp. 189-201, April 1998.
Plantar Verrucae and HIV Infection. Peter Barbosa . Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery, 15(2), pp. 317-327, April 1998.
CCPM Research Program: A director’s outline of the college’s research program. APMA News, 18 (12), pp. 40-42, December 1997.
Combinación de tratamientos contra el SIDA muestran efectividad alentadora. [Combination of AIDS treatments show positive results- a review paper for the Latino community of New York and Puerto Rico.] SIDA Ahora, pp. 28-9, April/May 1996.
Hyperthermia AIDS Treatment: An Interview with Dr. Alonso. Peter Barbosa. This Week in Texas, 16(18), pp. 35-37, July 1990.
The search for an HIV vaccine. Peter Barbosa. Review for Body Positive/ Houston. Based on reports from the VI International Conference on AIDS, San Francisco, CA, August 1990.
AIDS Vaccine Development. Peter Barbosa. This Week in Texas, 16(22), pp. 45-47, July 1990.
HPV-69 Identified in a Clinically-Aggressive Plantar Verruca from a HIV-Positive Patient. Jeffrey M. Whitaker,
Joel M. Palefsky, Maria Da Costa, Christy King, James Johnston, and Peter Barbosa. Manuscript accepted for publication at the Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association (publication date expected for fall 2008).
The Agapé Christian Reconciliation Conversations: An intervention exploring the intersections of culture, religiousness and homosexual identity in the Latino and European American communities. Peter Barbosa, Hector Torres, Marc Anthony Silva, and Noshaba Khan. Manuscript submitted for publication consideration.
Plantar verrucae in patients with HIV: Clinical presentation and treatment response. Jeffrey M. Whitaker, Geoffrey L.Gaggero, Lacey Loveland, Lolita Segura and Peter Barbosa. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 91(2): pp. 79-84, February 2001.
Recognition of two overlapping CTL epitopes in HIV-1 p17 by CTL from long-term non-progressing HIV-1-infected individual. Thomas Harrer, Ellen Harrer, Peter Barbosa, Friedemann Kaufmann, Ralf Wagner, Susanne Bruggemann, Joachim R. Kalden, Mark Feinberg, R. Paul Johnson, Susan Buchbinder and Bruce D. Walker. The Journal of Immunology, 161, pp. 4874-4881, 1998.
Characterization of plantar verrucae among individuals with human immunodeficiency virus. Randi Meberg, Erik Kenyon, Ryan Bierman, Lacey Loveland and Peter Barbosa. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 88 (9): pp. 442-445, September 1998.
Epidemiology of plantar verrucae in HIV-infected individuals- Letter to the Editor. Erik Kenyon, Lacey Loveland, Richmond Kilpatrick and Peter Barbosa. Journal of AIDS and Human Retrovirology, 16 (1), January 1998.
The nef gene products of both simian and human immunodeficiency viruses enhance virus infectivity and are functionally interchangeable. Elizabeth Sinclair, Peter Barbosa and Mark B. Feinberg. Journal of Virology, 71(5): pp. 3641-3651, May 1997.
Chronic and aggressive plantar verrucae in a patient with HIV. Sima K. Soltani, Erik Kenyon and Peter Barbosa. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association; 86: pp. 555-558, November 1996.
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes in asymptomatic long-term nonprogressing HIV-1 infection. Thomas Harrer, Ellen Harrer, Spyros A. Kalams, Peter Barbosa, Alicja Trocha, R. Paul Johnson, Tarek Elbeik, Mark B. Feinberg, Susan P. Buchbinder, and Bruce D. Walker. The Journal of Immunology; 156, pp. 2616-2623, 1996.
Recognition of the highly conserved YMDD region in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase by HLA-A2-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes from an asymptomatic long-term nonprogressor. Ellen Harrer, Thomas Harrer, Peter Barbosa, Mark B. Feinberg, R. Paul Johnson, Susan Buchbinder and Bruce D. Walker. The Journal of Infectious Diseases; 173, pp. 476-479, February 1996.
Activation of virus replication after vaccination of HIV-1 infected individuals. Silvija I. Staprans, Brian L. Hamilton, Stephen E. Follansbee, Tarek Elbeik, Peter Barbosa, Robert M. Grant and Mark B. Feinberg. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 182 (6): pp. 1727-1737, December 1995.
Exploring the role of histidines in the catalytic activity of duck delta-crystallins using site-directed mutagenesis. Gerald Patejunas, Peter Barbosa, Michelle Lacombe and William E. O’Brien. Experimental Eye Research, 61 (2): pp. 151-154, August 1995.
Kinetic analysis of HIV-1 early replicative steps in a coculture system. Peter Barbosa, Pierre Charneau, Nicolas Dumey and François Clavel. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 10 (1): pp. 53-59, January 1994.
Expression of duck lens ?-crystallins cDNAs in yeast and bacterial host: ?2-crystallin is an active argininosuccinate lyase. Peter Barbosa, Graeme J. Wistow, Mary Cialkowski, Joram Piatigorsky, and William E. O'Brien. The Journal of Biological Chemistry; 266 (33): pp. 22319-22322, November 1991.
Analysis of naturally occurring and site-directed mutations in the argininosuccinate lyase gene. Peter Barbosa, Mary Cialkowski, and William E. O'Brien. The Journal of Biological Chemistry; 266 (8): pp. 5286-5290, March 1991.
Characterization of the human argininosuccinate lyase gene and analysis of exon skipping. Richard Abramson, Peter Barbosa, Karen Kalumuck, and William E. O'Brien. Genomics; 10 (1): pp. 126-132, May 1991.
ABSTRACTS
HIV and plantar verrucae: the discovery of a rare human papillomavirus (HPV) type. Jeffrey M. Whitaker and Peter Barbosa. American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons National Meeting, Miami, Florida (February 8-12, 2000).
HIV tat protein upregulates HPV 16 URR-driven expression. Peter Barbosa, Erik Kenyon, Lacey Loveland, Ryan Bierman, Laurel A. Lagenaur and Joel M. Palefsky. Institute of Human Virology, 2nd annual meeting, Baltimore, Maryland (September 15-21, 1997).
Epidemiology and pathogenesis of plantar warts in HIV-infected patients. Peter Barbosa, Lacey Loveland, Richmond Kilpatrick and Erik Kenyon. XI International Conference on AIDS, Vancouver, Canada (July 7-12, 1996).
Measurement of HIV plasma viremia using the branched DNA (bDNA) assay in HIV seropositive subjects vaccinated with the influenza virus vaccine. Stephen Follansbee, Tarek Elbeik, Peter Barbosa, Brian Hamilton, Silvija Staprans and Mark B. Feinberg. Biotech '94- AIDS from Basic Science to Diagnosis and Therapy, Florence (April 11-13, 1994) and PCR Amplification Technologies Conference, San Francisco, CA (April 21-22, 1994).
Chimeric SIVs carrying the U3 region and nef gene of HIV: Tools for the in vivo analysis of HIV LTR and nef function. Peter Barbosa and Mark B. Feinberg. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, Supplement 18B, 1994. Keystone Symposia conference on Prevention and Treatment of AIDS, Hilton Head, South Carolina (January 23-30, 1994).
The role of NFkB/Rel transcription factors in the activation of HIV-1 replication. Peter Barbosa and Mark B. Feinberg. IXth International Conference on AIDS, Berlin (June 7-11, 1993).
Processing of HIV unintegrated DNA in infected cells. Peter Barbosa and François Clavel. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory- RNA Tumor Virus Meetings, New York (May 19-24, 1992), and the VII International Conference on AIDS, Amsterdam (July 19-24, 1992).
Heterogeneity of the mutations causing human argininosuccinic aciduria. Peter Barbosa and William E. O'Brien. ASBMB meeting, Atlanta, Georgia; The FASEB Journal, March 1991.
Drosophila pyruvate kinase: Developmental regulation, purification and "cloning". Research done under the supervision of Dr. Glen Collier, Biochemistry Department at Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois. This research was sponsored by a NSF program for summer students- Undergraduate Research Participating Program Summer 1986.
An ecological comparative study of the ghost crab Ocypode albicans. Research done under the supervision of Dr. Victor Capriles, Biology Department at the Interamerican University of Puerto Rico, San German, Puerto Rico. This research was sponsored by a NSF program for High School students and was selected as part of the representation of Puerto Rico in the 33rd International Science and Engineering Fair in Houston, Texas, 1982.
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
Molecular Biology of HIV. Peter Barbosa and Zachary Kneass. Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery, 15(2), pp. 189-201, April 1998.
Plantar Verrucae and HIV Infection. Peter Barbosa . Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery, 15(2), pp. 317-327, April 1998.
CCPM Research Program: A director’s outline of the college’s research program. APMA News, 18 (12), pp. 40-42, December 1997.
Combinación de tratamientos contra el SIDA muestran efectividad alentadora. [Combination of AIDS treatments show positive results- a review paper for the Latino community of New York and Puerto Rico.] SIDA Ahora, pp. 28-9, April/May 1996.
Hyperthermia AIDS Treatment: An Interview with Dr. Alonso. Peter Barbosa. This Week in Texas, 16(18), pp. 35-37, July 1990.
The search for an HIV vaccine. Peter Barbosa. Review for Body Positive/ Houston. Based on reports from the VI International Conference on AIDS, San Francisco, CA, August 1990.
AIDS Vaccine Development. Peter Barbosa. This Week in Texas, 16(22), pp. 45-47, July 1990.
Fellowships, Grants, and Awards
2007 - Samuel Merritt University Curriculum Innovation Grant for completion of The Effect of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) Training on Podiatric Medical Students. Duration- 3 years, amount- $5,000.00
2007 - Samuel Merritt University Intramural Funding Award for completion of Evaluation of Podiatric Complication is HIV Subjects in the Post-HAART Era. Duration- 2 years, amount- $1,500.00
1999 - American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Student Summer Research Program grant to train podiatry student. Duration- Summer 1999, amount- $3,000.00
1998 - American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Student Summer Research Program grant to train podiatry students. Duration- Summer 1998, amount- $3,000.00
1998 - Professional student short-term research training (NIH T35 program). Program Director for award for student training on research from the NIH National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Duration- 3 years, amount- $42,924.00
1997 - Center for AIDS Research (CFAR) Pilot Project Award to study potential molecular interactions between HIV and HPV. Duration- 1 year (1997-1998), amount- $19,960.00
1997 - Research Grant from the American Podiatric Medical Association to study treatment outcomes of plantar warts in HIV(+) and HIV(-) individuals. Duration- 1 year (1997-1998), amount- $29,940.00
1997 - American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Student Summer Research Program grant to train podiatry students. Duration- Summer 1997, amount- $6,000.00
1996 - American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Student Summer Research Program grant to train podiatry students. Duration- Summer 1996, amount- $3,000.00
1996 - Scientist Travel Award for participation in the XI International Conference on AIDS. (Scheduled for July 7-12, 1996 in Vancouver, Canada).
1995 - Research Grant from the American Podiatric Medical Association to study pathogenesis of plantar warts in HIV-infected individuals. Duration- 1 year (1995-1996), amount- $28,500.00
1993 - Minority Scientist Travel Award for participation in the NIH AIDS Postdoctoral Fellows Meeting along with the Keystone Symposia on AIDS at Albuquerque, New Mexico, March 28 to April 4, 1993.
1992 - Center for AIDS Research (CFAR) Postdoctoral Fellowship. Support for postdoctoral training at the Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, AIDS Research Center, under the supervision of Dr. Mark Feinberg. Duration- 1 year (1992-1993), amount- $18,000.00
1991 - Ford Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship. Support for postdoctoral training at the Pasteur Institute under the supervision of Dr. François Clavel in the Viral Oncology division directed by Dr. Luc Montagnier. Duration- 1 year (1991-1992).
- Bourse Chateaubriand Fellow. Scholarship from the Embassy of France in the USA to supplement research at the Pasteur Institute.
1990 - Minority Graduate Student Travel Award. Grant from the National Science Foundation to cover expenses for a visit to the Pasteur Institute in Paris, France for interviews with potential postdoctoral mentors.
- First Place Poster Award presentation at the third annual Graduate Student Symposium at Baylor College of Medicine.
- V. C. Joshi Memorial Award in recognition of the first place graduate student poster presented at the annual Biochemistry retreat 1990.
- National Hispanic Scholarship Fund (also 1989 and 1986)
1988 - National Science Foundation PreDoctoral Fellowship. Three-year funding to support stipends and fees for graduate studies at Baylor College of Medicine.
- Ford Foundation Honorable List
2007 - Samuel Merritt University Intramural Funding Award for completion of Evaluation of Podiatric Complication is HIV Subjects in the Post-HAART Era. Duration- 2 years, amount- $1,500.00
1999 - American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Student Summer Research Program grant to train podiatry student. Duration- Summer 1999, amount- $3,000.00
1998 - American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Student Summer Research Program grant to train podiatry students. Duration- Summer 1998, amount- $3,000.00
1998 - Professional student short-term research training (NIH T35 program). Program Director for award for student training on research from the NIH National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Duration- 3 years, amount- $42,924.00
1997 - Center for AIDS Research (CFAR) Pilot Project Award to study potential molecular interactions between HIV and HPV. Duration- 1 year (1997-1998), amount- $19,960.00
1997 - Research Grant from the American Podiatric Medical Association to study treatment outcomes of plantar warts in HIV(+) and HIV(-) individuals. Duration- 1 year (1997-1998), amount- $29,940.00
1997 - American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Student Summer Research Program grant to train podiatry students. Duration- Summer 1997, amount- $6,000.00
1996 - American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Student Summer Research Program grant to train podiatry students. Duration- Summer 1996, amount- $3,000.00
1996 - Scientist Travel Award for participation in the XI International Conference on AIDS. (Scheduled for July 7-12, 1996 in Vancouver, Canada).
1995 - Research Grant from the American Podiatric Medical Association to study pathogenesis of plantar warts in HIV-infected individuals. Duration- 1 year (1995-1996), amount- $28,500.00
1993 - Minority Scientist Travel Award for participation in the NIH AIDS Postdoctoral Fellows Meeting along with the Keystone Symposia on AIDS at Albuquerque, New Mexico, March 28 to April 4, 1993.
1992 - Center for AIDS Research (CFAR) Postdoctoral Fellowship. Support for postdoctoral training at the Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, AIDS Research Center, under the supervision of Dr. Mark Feinberg. Duration- 1 year (1992-1993), amount- $18,000.00
1991 - Ford Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship. Support for postdoctoral training at the Pasteur Institute under the supervision of Dr. François Clavel in the Viral Oncology division directed by Dr. Luc Montagnier. Duration- 1 year (1991-1992).
- Bourse Chateaubriand Fellow. Scholarship from the Embassy of France in the USA to supplement research at the Pasteur Institute.
1990 - Minority Graduate Student Travel Award. Grant from the National Science Foundation to cover expenses for a visit to the Pasteur Institute in Paris, France for interviews with potential postdoctoral mentors.
- First Place Poster Award presentation at the third annual Graduate Student Symposium at Baylor College of Medicine.
- V. C. Joshi Memorial Award in recognition of the first place graduate student poster presented at the annual Biochemistry retreat 1990.
- National Hispanic Scholarship Fund (also 1989 and 1986)
1988 - National Science Foundation PreDoctoral Fellowship. Three-year funding to support stipends and fees for graduate studies at Baylor College of Medicine.
- Ford Foundation Honorable List

